behaviorism educational philosophy

Behaviorism assumes that all behaviors are either reflexes produced by a response to certain stimuli in the environment, or a consequence of that individual's history, including especially reinforcement and punishment, together with the individual's current motivational state and controlling stimuli. Thus, although behaviorists generally accept the important role of inheritance in determining behavior, they focus primarily on environmental factors. is a systematic approach to the understanding .Although many people disapprove of the concepts of behavioral engineering. It has increasingly become part of the educational process.  Teacher have conditioned to sit up straight and to be quite through looks, grades and physical punishment.  When students are emotionally disturbed, conditioning is one way to develop a step-by-step program through rewards (or punishment).Within the behaviourist view of learning, the "teacher" is the dominant person in the classroom and takes complete control, evaluation of learning comes from the teacher who decides what is right or wrong. The learner does not have any opportunity for evaluation or reflection within the learning process, they are simply told what is right or wrong. (encyclopedia)

role of teachers:

According to behaviorists teachers must have many rewards to reinforce students such as praise smile, touch ,stars…

  Studies indicate that rewards need to be given every time.because:

·         Specify the desire outcomes, what needs to be changed, and how it will evaluated.

·         Establish a favorable environment by removing unfavorable stimuli that might complicate learning

·         Choose the proper in forces for desired behavioral manifestation.

·         begin shaping desired behavior by using immediate reinforces for desired behavior

·          Once a pattern of desired behaviors has begun, slacken the numbers of times reinforces are given.

·         Evaluates results and reassess for future development. (researchgate, 2017)

·         Teacher provides stimulus material and prompts for the correct response

 Methods and Curriculum:

·         According to behaviorists the curriculum should be organized into small straightforward units that can be learned and understood easly by the students . also objectives must be stated in behavioral terms not only for the subject way.

·         Behaviorists believed that the curriculum must be scientific based on scientific evidences and proven measured examples.

·         According to Skinner he sees that the most effective learning programs must be based on computer programs or teaching machine. These programs include online exercises those exercises are complex and the advantages are many such as : 

1.      The students will be motivated to do such exercises

2.      The materiel will be divided into small steps so that students cannot make a lot of mistakes

3.      According to behaviorists these program will facilitate the complex materiel to the students

Role of students:

·         Students must be conditioned for example the teachers must conditioned students to sit up straight or quiet and get high grades and punishments.

·         Behaviorists believes that the students must be already highly prepared and programmed (programmed through parents, peers , friends and so forth).

·         Students must replace the erratic and haphazard conditioning that they receive with something systematic and meaningfull (A.ozmon).             

references:

A.ozmon, h. (n.d.). philosophical foundations of education. 196-197.

encyclopedia, w. h. (n.d.). behaviorism(philosophy of education).